Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwa zinyalala popanga zoponya, ma carburizing ochulukira amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chitsulo.Komabe, abwenzi ambiri oponya samamvetsetsa kugwiritsa ntchito ma carburizing osiyanasiyana muzitsulo zosiyanasiyana.Kutengera zaka zopitilira 10 pakuwongolera kogwiritsa ntchito kwamakasitomala oyamba, dipatimenti yaukadaulo ya Yunai idafotokoza mwachidule zomwe zimakhudza kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe akuponya carburizer potengera anzawo.

I. Kapangidwe ka chitsulo chamadzimadzi

Malo osungunuka a carbon mu carburizer ndi okwera kwambiri (3 727 ℃), omwe amasungunuka kwambiri muchitsulo chamadzimadzi kudzera m'njira ziwiri zosungunulira ndi kufalitsa.Kusungunuka kwa carbon mu chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndi: Cmax=1.3+0.25T-0.3Si-0.33P-0.45S+0.028Mn, pamene T ndi kutentha kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi (℃).

1. Mapangidwe achitsulo chamadzimadzi.Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku equation yomwe ili pamwambapa kuti Si, S ndi P amachepetsa kusungunuka kwa C ndi kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a carburizer, pomwe Mn ali m'malo mwake.Deta inawonetsa kuti kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a carburant kunatsika ndi 1 ~ 2 ndi 3 ~ 4 peresenti pakukula kulikonse kwa 0.1% ya C ndi Si muchitsulo chamadzimadzi.Mlingo wa mayamwidwe ukhoza kuwonjezeka ndi 2% ~ 3% pakuwonjezeka kulikonse kwa 1% Mn.Si ali ndi chikoka chachikulu, chotsatiridwa ndi Mn, C ndi S. Choncho, pakupanga kwenikweni, C iyenera kuwonjezeredwa poyamba ndipo Si iyenera kuwonjezeredwa pambuyo pake.

2. Kutentha kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi.Kutentha kofanana kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi (C-Si-O) kumakhudza kwambiri mayamwidwe.Kutentha kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi kukakhala kokwera kuposa kutentha kofanana, C imakumana ndi O mwamakonda, ndipo kutayika kwa C muchitsulo chamadzimadzi kumawonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe kumachepa.Pamene kutentha kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi kumakhala kochepa kuposa kutentha kofanana, machulukidwe a C amachepa, kufalikira kwa C kumachepa, ndipo mayamwidwe amachepa.Pamene kutentha kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi kumakhala kofanana ndi kutentha kwapakati, mlingo wa mayamwidwe ndi wapamwamba kwambiri.Kutentha kofanana kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi (C-Si-O) kumasiyana ndi kusiyana kwa C ndi Si.Pakupanga kwenikweni, carburant ya mtundu wa Yu Na nthawi zambiri imasungunuka ndikugawanika muchitsulo chamadzimadzi pansi pa kutentha kofanana (1 150 ~ 1 370 ℃).

3. Kugwedezeka kwachitsulo chamadzimadzi kumathandizira kusungunuka ndi kufalikira kwa C, ndipo kumachepetsa kuthekera kwa kuwotcha kwa carburizing agent yoyandama pamwamba pa chitsulo chamadzimadzi.Carburizing isanasungunuke kwathunthu, nthawi yayitali yotakata, imakwera kwambiri, koma kugwedeza kumakhudza kwambiri moyo wamkati, komanso kumawonjezera kutayika kwa C muchitsulo chamadzimadzi.Nthawi yosonkhezera yoyenera iyenera kukhala yayifupi momwe mungathere mutaonetsetsa kuti carburizer yasungunuka kwathunthu.

4. Slag scraping ngati kuli kofunikira kuwonjezera carburizing wothandizira pambuyo pa liquefaction ya chitsulo, scum ng'anjo ayenera kutsukidwa momwe angathere kuteteza carburizing wothandizira atakulungidwa mu slag.

Awiri, carburizing wothandizira

1. Zojambulajambula zamtundu wa Yunai carburizer.

Kafukufukuyu akuwonetsa kuti mawonekedwe a kaboni ndi amorphous komanso osokonezeka kwambiri pakati pa amorphous ndi graphite.M'mikhalidwe yabwino, pamene kutentha kufika 2500 ℃ ndi kusunga nthawi inayake, akhoza kwenikweni kumaliza graphitization.Mpweya pa kutentha kwakukulu kapena pakuwotcha kwachiwiri, si mwala

Mlingo wa kusintha kwa mpweya wa graphite kukhala graphic carbon umatchedwa digiri ya carbon graphitization, yomwenso ndi imodzi mwazinthu zoyesa za carbon microanalysis.Kutengera chiphunzitso cha graphite crystal structure, zitha kuwoneka kuti mawonekedwe a graphite ndi ndege yosanjikiza yopangidwa ndi netiweki ya hexagonal carbon atomu ya ndege, ndipo zigawozo zimalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake ndi mphamvu ya van der Waals, motero kupanga mawonekedwe a kristalo omwe amapitilira mpaka kalekale. mu mbali zitatu-dimensional.X-ray diffraction imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kuchuluka kwa mawonekedwe a hexagonal crystal mawonekedwe pambuyo pa graphitization kuyesa kuchuluka kwa graphitization.

Digiri ya graphitization ndi index yofunikira ya carburizing agent.Mkulu mlingo wa graphitization sangathe kuonjezera mlingo wa mayamwidwe mpweya, komanso kusintha nucleation luso la madzi chitsulo chifukwa cha homoheteronuclear zotsatira zake kapangidwe ndi madzi chitsulo graphite.Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa graphitized carburizing agent ndi non-graphitized carburizing agent ndikuti graphitized carburizing agent ali ndi carburizing effect ndi zotsatira zina za inoculation.

2. Malinga ndi makina ndi mawonekedwe azinthu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, timapereka chithandizo chapadera cha carburizing pamitundu yonse ya castings poyang'anira kaboni ndi ma trace element indexes osiyanasiyana.

Mpweya wosasunthika ndi phulusa la carbon ndi zigawo zothandiza za carburizing agent, ndipamwamba kwambiri;Phulusa ndi zitsulo zina kapena zosagwirizana ndi zitsulo, ndizonyansa, ziyenera kukhala zochepa momwe zingathere.Kuchuluka kwa carbon ndi phulusa mu carburizing agent ndi magawo awiri ofunikira a izi ndi kuti, kuchuluka kwa carbon yokhazikika mu carburizing agent, carburizing performance ndiyokweranso.Carburizer yokhala ndi phulusa lalitali ndi yosavuta "coke" ndikupanga wosanjikiza wa slag, womwe umalekanitsa tinthu ta kaboni ndikupangitsa kuti zisasungunuke, motero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe a kaboni.Kuchuluka kwa phulusa kumapangitsanso kuchuluka kwa chitsulo chamadzimadzi, kumawonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, ndikuwonjezera ntchito pakusungunula.Kuwongolera kwa zinthu monga sulfure ndi nayitrogeni kumakulitsanso kuwongolera kwa chilema cha kutaya.

3. Kusankha granularity wa carburizing wothandizira.

Kukula kwa tinthu ta carburizer ndi kakang'ono ndipo malo olumikizirana ndi chitsulo chamadzimadzi ndiakulu, mayamwidwe ake amakhala okwera, koma tinthu tating'onoting'ono tating'onoting'ono timakhala oxidized, komanso zosavuta kuchotsedwa ndi mpweya wa convection kapena fumbi. kuyenda;The pazipita tinthu kukula ayenera mokwanira sungunuka mu madzi chitsulo pa ntchito nthawi.Ngati chotengera cha carburizing chikuwonjezedwa ndi mtengo, kukula kwa tinthu kumatha kukhala kokulirapo, tikulimbikitsidwa kukhala mu 0.2 ~ 9.5mm;Ngati iwo anawonjezera mu madzi chitsulo kapena pamaso kujambula chitsulo monga kusintha bwino, tinthu kukula kungakhale 0,60 ~ 4.75mm;Ngati carburizing mu phukusi ndi ntchito ngati pretreatment, tinthu kukula ndi 0.20 ~ 0.85mm;Tinthu zosakwana 0.2mm siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito.Kukula kwa tinthu kumakhudzananso ndi kukula kwa ng'anjo, ng'anjo ya ng'anjo ndi yayikulu, kukula kwa tinthu ta carburizer kuyenera kukhala kokulirapo, mosemphanitsa.

4. Yang'anirani index yapamwamba yamtundu wa Yunai carburizer.

Yu Nai mtundu carburant ali wapamwamba amphamvu chiphaso, enieni pamwamba m'dera la tinthu mpweya ndi lalikulu, pali lalikulu pamwamba kulowerera mu madzi chitsulo, imathandizira kuvunda ndi mayamwidwe, akhoza kusintha mlingo mayamwidwe wa carburant.